The many craters of the moon indicate that the moon has been a shield to earth, catching all the space rocks that would otherwise hit earth.
There is actually a thin layer of atmosphere on the moon. This is why the U.S. flag on the moon is waving.
The surface temperature of the moon varies a lot, ranging from around -200 Celsius to around 120 Celsius.
However, despite the extreme temperature, the moon still has seasonal changes.